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The sultry and humid Indian weather is just what germs need to flourish. There’s so much around that proves to be an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. While some diseases are common across the country, some cities bear the brunt a little more than others. The Gateway of South India, Chennai is one of them.
Chennai, a bustling metropolis with a rich cultural heritage, faces its own set of health challenges due to its tropical climate and dense population. With its humid climate and diverse population, Chennai is susceptible to a range of common diseases that can impact public health. From vector-borne illnesses to lifestyle-related conditions, understanding the common diseases in Chennai is crucial for promoting better health and implementing effective prevention strategies.
Keep reading this article as we discuss some of the most common communicable and non communicable diseases in Chennai, including their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures.
List of Communicable Diseases in Chennai
As the name suggests, communicable diseases can spread from person to person or through contact with contaminated surfaces. They are caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, or parasites. High population density, inadequate sanitation, and the tropical climate are common reasons for communicable diseases in Chennai.
Rapid urbanisation and frequent monsoon rains can exacerbate the spread of infections. Listed below are some of the most common communicable diseases in Chennai:
1. Malaria
While the monsoons bring respite from the scorching heat, mosquitoes often accompany them. Mosquitoes, which thrive in areas with water clogging, are a key currier of malaria, especially during the monsoon, The transmission of this disease peaks when stagnant water becomes breeding grounds for the Anopheles mosquitoes. Common symptoms include high fever, shivering, chills, excessive sweating, and severe anaemia. While malaria may seem to be a common communicable disease in Chennai, it's crucial to seek treatment if you or a family member is experiencing these symptoms. Untreated cases can lead to serious complications like cerebral malaria, which can be fatal, as well as seizures, kidney failure, jaundice, and respiratory issues.
2. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious illness that primarily targets the lungs. It's caused by bacteria that are specifically responsible for the disease. TB spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even sings, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. Others can inhale these droplets, allowing the germs to enter their lungs. Contrary to popular belief, TB can sometimes progress without any signs. A recently conducted study found that almost 39% of the reported TB cases in Tamil Nadu showed no symptoms.1
3. Typhoid
Typhoid fever is an enteric fever caused by the Salmonella bacteria. Another monsoon-related disease, typhoid, is caused by contaminated food and water. It is less common in areas with good sanitation and effective waste management. However, typhoid fever poses a serious health risk due to poor hygiene, particularly to children. Common symptoms include high fever, headache, weakness, and stomach pain.
4. Hepatitis A
Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, which is essential for processing nutrients, filtering blood, and fighting infections. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its functions can be affected. Hepatitis A is a contagious form caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It generally spreads when you consume contaminated food and/or water but can also be transmitted through close contact with an infected person, unprotected sexual involvement, through contaminated injection etc. Hepatitis A is a common disease, but it can be prevented with vaccination.
5. Dengue
In 2021, over 1 lakh dengue cases were reported in India. According to the National Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Control, as of April 2024, India reported 19,447 dengue cases, with Tamil Nadu having around 4,204 cases and 2 deaths.2 Dengue can be a common problem during the monsoons. It can be accompanied by high fever, severe headaches, pain in/ behind the eyes, and aching muscles and joints. In more serious cases, it can become Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), which can cause severe bleeding, organ damage, and even be life-threatening. Children and people with weak immune systems should be extra careful during the rainy season.
>> Also Read: 7 Most Communicable Diseases in India You Must Know About
List of Non-Communicable Diseases in Chennai
Non-communicable diseases are chronic conditions that are not caused by infectious agents but by lifestyle factors, genetics, or environmental reasons. These diseases develop over time and are influenced by factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking. Addressing non-communicable diseases requires a focus on prevention through healthy living, regular screenings, and managing risk factors to improve long-term health outcomes.
Let us take a look at some of the common non communicable diseases in Chennai:
1. Cancer
Over the past few years, the cancer incidence in Tamil Nadu has been steadily rising.3 Reports suggest that stomach cancer is the most prevalent among men, and breast cancer is the most common among women. The state also reported over 8,500 new cases of cervical cancer in 2023.4 This increasing trend highlights the growing need for effective cancer prevention and treatment strategies in the region.
Did you know Cancer Insurance from Care Health Insurance offers comprehensive coverage up to 2 crore for all stages of cancer?
2. Cardiovascular Diseases
CVDs, or cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of death across the globe. The WHO reports that CVDs claim around 17.9 million lives each year. These disorders impact the heart and blood vessels. They often involve multiple conditions and can lead to related diseases. It is estimated that over 80% of CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, affecting those under the age of 70.5
3. Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use it. This leads to high blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of serious complications. Around 422 million people globally have diabetes, with most cases found in low and middle-income countries. Each year, diabetes is directly responsible for approximately 1.5 million deaths.6
Did you know? Even if you have a pre-existing disease like diabetes, you can still opt for a comprehensive health insurance plan like Care Freedom by Care Health Insurance. People with hypertension, Asthma and high cholesterol can also get coverage of up to 10 lakhs with a waiting period of 30 days.
Preventive Measures to Avoid Such Diseases
Some healthy habits can help you avoid some common diseases. Take a look here.
1. Choose Your Food Wisely
Yes, food can play a crucial role in maintaining good health. A balanced diet is vital to living healthy. However, food can also be a germ carrier. Ensure your hands, utensils, and surfaces are clean when preparing, storing, and eating food.
2. Clean & Disinfect Your Surrounding
Most communicable diseases in Chennai spread more because of unhygienic surroundings. Germs can survive on surfaces, but proper cleaning usually does the job. Make sure to disinfect your bathroom and kitchen regularly, and clean other areas especially if someone in your home is sick.
3. Get Vaccinated
Vaccines are crucial for two main reasons: protecting ourselves and safeguarding those around us. Without vaccination, we risk serious illnesses and disabilities from diseases such as measles, tetanus, and polio.
4. Regular Health Check-ups
Regular health check-ups can spot early signs of health problems. Catching issues early increases your chances of getting effective treatment. Be all the more regular with these check-ups if you’re at higher risk for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or stroke.
5. Be Adequately Insured
Living in hot and humid cities in India, along with an increase in the incidences of lifestyle, can often put you at risk of numerous illnesses. While cleanliness and good lifestyle habits are essential for healthy living, avoiding an illness may not always be possible. In such a scenario, your biggest safety net can be a health insurance policy.
Along with in-patient hospital benefits, the policy can help with other expenses that may arise when such an illness strikes. Even if you are suffering from a disease such as hypertension, diabetes, etc., you can still get a health insurance plan for people with pre-existing diseases.
Over to You
The tropical climate and high population density create ideal conditions for both communicable and non-communicable diseases in Chennai. From malaria and dengue to cancer and cardiovascular issues, understanding these health risks and adopting preventive measures—such as maintaining good hygiene, getting vaccinated, and having regular health check-ups—are crucial.
Additionally, investing in health insurance can offer financial protection against unexpected medical expenses. By taking these steps, you can better safeguard your health and that of your community.
Disclaimers: All plan features, benefits, coverage, and claims underwriting are subject to policy terms and conditions. Kindly refer to the brochure, sales prospectus, and policy documents carefully.
