How Does Protein Deficiency Affect Children?

29-year-old Reema often worried about her twin girls, who were shorter than most of their friends, and whether they were getting enough nutrition. Like any concerned parent, Reema did her research to find the probable causes of deficiencies in children. During her study, she discovered that 54% of Indian children are not growing properly, being either underweight, too short for their age, or overweight.  A major reason for this can be a protein deficiency.

It is suggested that an Indian child should consume about 0.8-0.9 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight each day. This means, for a child weighing around 25 kilograms, this means they need approximately 22 grams of protein daily. Although this may seem small, the predominantly cereal-based Indian diet often lacks sufficient protein. As a result, it can be a leading cause of developing a protein deficiency disease. 

Why is Protein So Important?

Most Indians identify as vegetarians. Yet, data shows that 91% of vegetarians have greater levels of protein deficiency than 85% of non-vegetarians. Indians have a misconception that protein is essential for weightlifters, athletes, and other sportspeople. This is simply incorrect. 

Reema’s girls weren’t athletes or involved in sports. Yet, they lacked protein. The bottom line is, that proteins are not specifically beneficial for those who wish to gain muscle mass, are undernourished, or are bodybuilders. In adequate amounts, it is equally necessary for the general population, including adults. 

As for the girls, Reema discovered that consuming enough protein is essential for a healthy immune system, which will later help ward off infections and diseases. Moreover, neurotransmitter activity is necessary for concentration and cognitive growth. Here, protein supports that function and overall brain health. Not only this, but protein is also the primary source of energy for children.While carbohydrates do their job well, protein helps to sustain the energy levels in youngsters. 

How does Protein Deficiency Affect Children?

Immediately after, Reema looked for the protein deficiency types. Here’s what she found. Children's health can greatly suffer from a protein deficiency, especially in India, where eating habits sometimes leave room for protein consumption. Below are some common signs and symptoms of protein insufficiency. 

1. Oedema: A severe protein deficiency can lead to oedema, a major disease caused by protein deficiency. In this condition, the body experiences swelling caused by fluid retention, particularly in the abdomen, legs, and feet. 
2. Fatigue and Lethargy: Protein deficiency is linked to unusual fatigue, weakness, and poor energy in children. Protein is necessary for general vitality and increased physical activity. It also helps fight the increased severity of infections. 
3. Fatty Liver: Fatty liver disease has often been considered one of the unusual protein deficiency symptoms. This medical condition can cause liver scarring, inflammation, and in extreme cases, liver failure. Although the exact connection between this disease caused by lack of protein is unknown, research points out it could be due to potential changes in the gut. 
4. Skin and Hair Issues: A good diet is essential for healthy skin and hair. Deficit can lead to problems with the skin, including rashes and dryness, and with the hair, including colour changes, thinning, hair loss, etc.
5. Changes in Behaviour: Children who are protein deficient often experience irritability, anxiety, and behavioural or emotional problems. They could also exhibit indifference or lack of interest in general activities. 
6. Reduction in Muscle Mass: This is another effect of protein deficiency. Protein is required to build and maintain muscle. Children who don't get enough protein may weaken and lose muscular mass. 
7. Delays in Development: Children who do not consume enough protein may experience a delay in their physical and cognitive development. This may affect their academic performance and capacity to learn effectively. 
8. Stunted Growth: Protein is necessary for physical development and growth. Lack of protein may cause stunted growth, making kids lighter and shorter than their peers.

Animal vs Plant Protein: Which Protein is For Children?

When Reema found some of the above symptoms in her daughters, she considered turning her kitchen non-vegetarian to ensure her daughters received the necessary protein. Before that, however, she consulted her family doctor, who explained that a non-vegetarian diet is not the only way to meet their protein needs. 

The debate between animal and plant protein continues. While scientists still need more data to produce some solid facts, it is commonly believed that while animal protein can be a good source of the required protein, it comes with its ill effects. Plant-based protein, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive source of nutrients including protein. 

Which Foods Can Help Combat Protein Malnutrition Disease?

Adding a variety of protein-rich foods to children's diets is important to combat the causes of protein malnutrition and diseases in India.  Here are some effective options Reema has been alternatively feeding her twins. You can pick the ones that suit your food preferences, i.e., veg/non-veg.

1. Dairy Products: Milk, paneer, yoghurt, and cheese are excellent sources of protein and calcium, which are crucial for physical growth and bone health.
2. Eggs: A versatile source of high-quality protein, eggs help in overall health and development.
3. Meat and Poultry: Chicken, mutton, and lean cuts of beef provide essential amino acids, necessary for development.
4. Fish and Seafood: Fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, are high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which help with brain development.
5. Legumes and Pulses: Beans, lentils, and chickpeas provide plant-based protein and are fibre-rich. It is a great protein source for the vegetarian diet.
6. Nuts and Seeds: Peanuts, almonds and sunflower seeds offer protein and healthy fats. Nut butters can also be nutritious additions.
7. Whole Grains: Foods like quinoa, oats, and brown rice contain protein and other essential nutrients, offering a balanced diet.
8. Soy Products: Tofu, soy milk, and soya chunks are excellent plant-based protein sources. It is highly recommended for vegetarian and vegan diets.
9. Green Peas: These are a good source of protein and can be easily added to various dishes.
10. Amaranth: This grain is rich in protein and can be used in various recipes. It acts as a nutritious alternative to traditional cereal.

Wrapping Up!

When it comes to averting protein deficiency disease, the secret is in the balance! It becomes crucial to keep track of the protein you give your child to avoid overindulging or overnourishment. Whether vegetarian or vegan, you must balance the plant-based protein intake with other meals that nourish your children. Additionally, non-vegetarians must avoid protein-rich foods that could harm their child’s health. Overall, moderation is key. 

When addressing the health effects of protein deficiency disorder in children, it is essential to consider comprehensive health insurance coverage. Plans from Care Health Insurance can help you and your family manage the costs incurred in protein deficiency treatment. With coverage options for regular health check-ups, nutritional guidance, and access to a network of healthcare providers, Care Health Insurance offers a financial shield, ensuring children receive the medical attention required to develop and thrive. 

>> Also Read: Vitamin D Deficiency Causes and How to Cure It

Disclaimers: The above information is for reference purposes only. For more details about the health insurance plans and their benefits please refer to the sales prospectus, policy terms, and conditions.