Swollen Legs? It Could Be Chronic Venous Insufficiency

• Written by Gungun Bhatia

  Reviewed by Munmi Sharma

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Is It Just Leg Swelling—or Something More? Even Donald Trump Was Diagnosed with CVI!

We usually think those long days sitting or standing cause our legs to swell and feel discomfort. But, hey, what if it’s a red flag for something more serious? Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive and often overlooked condition that affects millions worldwide, including high-profile individuals. In fact, former U.S. President Donald Trump was recently diagnosed with CVI, bringing much-needed attention to this circulatory disorder.

While Trump’s diagnosis grabbed headlines, millions around the world—especially those over 50—live with CVI without even realising it. Let’s break it down—what it is, how it affects the body, and what you can do to prevent and manage it.

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Chronic venous insufficiency is a long-term condition in which the veins in your legs have trouble sending blood back to your heart. It happens when the valves in your veins get weak or damaged, which causes blood to collect in your legs and feet instead of flowing as it should.

In a healthy circulatory system, veins have valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards and keep it moving up to the heart. But with chronic venous insufficiency, these valves don't close. This causes blood to flow backwards, leading to swelling and other chronic venous insufficiency symptoms.

Causes of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Several factors can contribute to venous insufficiency, including:

• Genetics: Family history of varicose veins or CVI.
• Age: Risk increases with age, especially after 50.
• Obesity: Excess weight strains veins.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal and blood volume changes can trigger CVI.
• Prolonged standing or sitting: Jobs requiring long hours on your feet or sitting (desk jobs) can impair blood flow.
• History of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Blood clots can damage the vein valves.
• Smoking: Damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clotting.
• Sedentary lifestyle: Poor circulation worsens CVI risk.

Stages of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

CVI is typically classified into six stages based on severity:

1. C0 – No visible or palpable signs
2. C1 – Appearance of spider veins or reticular veins
3. C2 – Visible Varicose veins
4. C3 – Swelling (oedema) without skin changes
5. C4 – Skin discolouration and thickening
6. C5-C6 – Healed or active leg ulcers

Early detection and treatment can halt or slow progression.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency Symptoms

Many people initially dismiss symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency as minor inconveniences. However, understanding these early signs is crucial:

• Swollen legs or ankles, especially after long periods of standing or sitting
• Aching, throbbing, or heaviness in the legs
• Itchy or dry skin on the legs
• Varicose veins
• Discolouration or dark patches around the ankles
• Leg cramps or restlessness, particularly at night
• Open sores or ulcers, in severe cases

If you notice one or more of these chronic venous insufficiency symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation.

How is CVI Diagnosed?

Diagnosing CVI typically involves:

• Physical exam – Checking for swelling, visible veins, and skin changes
• Duplex ultrasound – A non-invasive test to assess blood flow and valve function
• Venography – Rarely used, but helpful in complex cases
• Patient history – Includes lifestyle, medical history, and symptom review

Early diagnosis can prevent the disease from progressing to more severe stages, such as leg ulcers or chronic skin infections.

Impact of Venous Insufficiency on the Body

Chronic venous insufficiency doesn’t just affect your legs. Over time, it can lead to:

• Chronic pain and discomfort
• Reduced mobility
• Skin infections like cellulitis
• Leg ulcers that are slow to heal
• Blood clots in severe cases

Venous Insufficiency Treatment Options

Fortunately, venous insufficiency treatment has advanced significantly. Treatment depends on the severity and stage:

Lifestyle Changes

A little change in your daily routine can make a significant difference. Follow the tips below to reduce the risk of venous insufficiency in your life:

• Exercise regularly (walking improves circulation)
• Weight management to reduce vein strain
• Leg elevation above heart level to reduce swelling
• Avoid prolonged standing or sitting

Compression Therapy

Therapies are the game-changer for every medical condition. In case of CVI, you can take compression therapy to enhance the blood flow.

• Compression stockings apply pressure to help blood flow upward.
• Available in various strengths—consult your doctor.

Medications

If you are experiencing chronic venous insufficiency symptoms, it is always advisable to consult a doctor and start the medications. Here are the importance of medications:

• Diuretics for swelling (short-term use)
• Blood thinners if clots are present
• Topical treatments for skin conditions

Minimally Invasive Procedures

Minimally invasive procedures, also known as minimally invasive surgeries, are procedures that involve smaller incisions and a faster recovery. It is quite different from open surgeries. Here’s the list of MIS that can be used in venous insufficiency treatment:

• Sclerotherapy: Injection to close off damaged veins
• Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT): Uses laser energy to seal veins
• Radiofrequency Ablation: Similar to EVLT, but uses radio waves
• Vein stripping: Surgical removal of damaged veins (less common now)

These treatments are often outpatient procedures with minimal downtime. However, chronic venous insufficiency treatment costs can drain you financially. But that’s where Care Health Insurance steps in.

With Care’s mediclaim policy, you can get coverage for day care procedures, diagnostic tests, and specialist consultations.  We at Care help ease the financial burden of managing chronic conditions, like CVI. You can also encounter cashless hospitalisation, no-claim bonuses, and lifelong renewability, ensuring that your vein, health and your wallet stay in good shape. 

Diet for Venous Insufficiency

Lifestyle changes, especially diet, can significantly help manage CVI. A diet for venous insufficiency focuses on:

• High-fibre foods: Prevent constipation, which can worsen vein pressure.
• Low-sodium intake: Reduces fluid retention and swelling.
• Flavonoid-rich foods: Berries, citrus fruits, and leafy greens strengthen blood vessels.
• Hydration: Adequate water intake supports circulation.
• Anti-inflammatory foods: Fatty fish, nuts, and turmeric reduce vein inflammation.

It is always advisable to avoid processed foods, excessive salt, and saturated fats that contribute to poor circulation.

>> Also Read: Home Remedies for Varicose Veins

Prevention: Can You Stop CVI Before It Starts?

While some risk factors (like age or genetics) are unavoidable, you can take preventive steps:

• Stay active—avoid long periods of sitting or standing
• Wear compression socks if at risk (e.g., long flights)
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Elevate legs daily
• Quit smoking
• Manage underlying conditions, like diabetes or hypertension.

Living with Chronic Venous Insufficiency

With the right approach, people with Chronic Venous Insufficiency can lead active, fulfilling lives. Here’s how:

• Follow treatment plans consistently.
• Stay physically active, with low-impact activities like walking or swimming.
• Monitor skin changes and consult your doctor for any wounds.
• Join support groups for motivation and shared tips.
• Keep regular check-ups to monitor progress.

Remember, early intervention makes a significant difference. Don’t ignore swollen legs—they could be a sign of something your veins are trying to tell you.

Final Thoughts

Chronic venous insufficiency isn't rare, and it can happen to anyone. Donald Trump’s diagnosis served as a reminder that even high-profile individuals aren’t immune. Prevention is key—especially for those with risk factors. Spotting the symptoms early, understanding what causes it, and making some changes to your life can really improve how you feel.

Don't ignore leg swelling or discomfort. These might be signs that your veins need some care. With the right treatment, you can manage CVI and stay active without pain.

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Kindly consult your general physician for verified medical advice. The health insurance benefits are subject to policy terms and conditions. Refer to your policy documents for more information.