What are Dandruff Symptoms and Their Causes?

• Written by Pratham Gupta

  Reviewed by Nidhi Goyal

• favorite0Like

  favoriteBe the First to Like

  • Copy Link Copied! Share on Facebook Share on Linkedin Share on Twitter Share on WhatsApp

  Share

Dealing with dandruff can be a real mood spoiler. Whether it's the white flakes on your black shirt or an itchy scalp during meetings, it certainly makes us uncomfortable. But you know what the good part is? It is common, curable, and you are not the only fish in this dark pond.

In this blog, we will break down the signs of dandruff, explore its causes, and discuss how to cure it, using clear, simple language and facts that make sense, without any complicated medical jargon. Okay, so now let's scratch the surface and get into the root of dandruff.

What is Dandruff?

It is a scalp condition that leads to the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp. Everyone's scalp flakes to some extent, but when it becomes visible and chronic, it becomes dandruff.

It is not contagious, but it is embarrassing and sometimes even challenging to treat if left unmanaged.

Common Dandruff Symptoms

There are various symptoms of dandruff. Here are some things to look for

White or yellowish flakes on hair and shoulders : This is the most common sign. You will notice small, flaky bits on your scalp or shoulders, and some particles may even be visible on your shirt. This might get even worse in winter.

• Itchy scalp : If you feel the urge to scratch your scalp multiple times, it may be dandruff, which is causing your scalp to become dry and rough, prompting you to scratch. Scratching your scalp can even worsen the condition.
• Scalp dryness and oiliness : Dandruff can occur on both oily and dry scalps; however, it is more severe on oily scalps because it can also lead to a fungal infection.
• Red or irritated skin : Sometimes you can notice the redness on your scalp and around your ear as well. This is the dandruff that is causing your scalp to be sensitive.
• Crusting or thick patches : Sometimes, dandruff creates a thick crust, which can cause itching and require medical attention.

What Causes Dandruff?

Dandruff is a widespread problem nowadays. One in five people is facing this issue, and here are some of the leading causes of dandruff.

Dry Scalp 

It is a prevalent reason. In dry weather, your scalp might not produce enough oil. This leads to dry and flaky skin.

Oily Scalp & Seborrheic Dermatitis

An oily scalp can also contribute. Overproduction of sebum (oil) can lead to a condition called seborrheic dermatitis, characterised by red, greasy skin covered with flaky, white, or yellow scales.

Malassezia Yeast

This is a naturally occurring fungus that is commonly found on the scalp. For some people, it grows excessively and irritates the skin, causing more dead cells to shed.

Infrequent Hair Washing

Skipping washes for extended periods allows oil and skin cells to accumulate, creating an ideal environment for dandruff to develop.

Sensitivity to Hair Products 

Some shampoos, dyes, or hair sprays may irritate your scalp, causing flaking and itching.

Stress and Hormonal Changes

Stress doesn’t directly cause dandruff, but it weakens your immune system, making your scalp more susceptible to irritation. Hormonal fluctuations can also trigger an oil imbalance.

Diet Deficiencies

Lack of zinc, Vitamin B, or Omega-3 fatty acids in your diet can affect scalp health.

Who is More Likely to Get Dandruff?

Anyone can face dandruff because of the causes mentioned above, but here are the people who have a higher probability of facing this issue-

• Individuals in their late teens to mid-40s
• People with oily scalp or skin
• Those who live in a cold, dry, or humid climate
• Those who don’t wash their hair frequently
• Who uses a lot of hair styling products
• Those who are under constant stress

Difference Between Dandruff and Dry Scalp

Many people often assume dandruff and dry scalp are the same, but they’re actually two different conditions with unique causes and symptoms. While both lead to flakes and irritation, their origins differ. Let’s take a closer look at how dandruff and dry scalp stand 

Although both conditions may look similar, their treatment and care methods differ, making it beneficial to understand the distinction.

Some Common Dandruff Treatments

To prevent dandruff, consistency is key; it is a time-consuming process to cure dandruff, rather than a one-time solution. Come, let's see how to remove dandruff.

Regular Hair Washing

Use a mild anti-dandruff shampoo 2–3 times a week. Look for ingredients like zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or coal tar. Common ingredients that help reduce dandruff by targeting the fungus associated with it include:

• Ketoconazole- eg, Nizoral anti-dandruff 
• Pyrithione Zinc- eg Head & Shoulders
• Selenium sulfide- eg, Selsun Blue

Keep Your Scalp Moisturised

Dry scalp leads to more flaking. Use a gentle conditioner or a scalp serum to keep it hydrated.

Avoid Overuse of Hair Products

Using too many gels, sprays, or dry shampoos can cause product buildup, which can trigger dandruff.

Balanced Diet

Include leafy greens, fruits, nuts, seeds, and fish in your diet. These promote scalp health from within.

Reduce Stress   

Meditation, exercise, or even a short walk can lower stress levels and indirectly help your scalp.

Avoid Hot Showers

Very hot water strips natural oils from your scalp. Use lukewarm water instead.

If dandruff persists even after using medicated products for a few weeks, seek professional help from a dermatologist.

If dandruff persists despite all this care, consider using a medicated dandruff shampoo. Many individuals find it effective when used 2 to 3 times a week; however, if you have curly, coiled, or textured hair, you may prefer to use it less frequently to avoid dryness.

Important note:

If a shampoo causes itching, burning, or stinging, discontinue its use immediately. In the event of an allergic reaction, such as a rash, hives, or difficulty breathing, seek medical assistance immediately. 

Final Words!

Understanding dandruff, its symptoms, causes, and triggers is the first step toward achieving a healthier scalp and renewed confidence. While dandruff is often manageable with proper care, persistent or severe flaking may point to underlying skin or health issues that require medical attention. Having reliable health insurance ensures you get access to expert dermatological consultations and treatments without worrying about high medical costs. Because when it comes to your health, every layer, even your scalp, deserves complete care and protection.

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Plan features, benefits, coverage, and underwriting claims are subject to policy terms and conditions. Please refer to the brochure, sales prospectus, and policy documents carefully.