Teeth Anatomy: Secrets Behind Your Pretty Smile

• Written by Bhawika Khushlani

  Reviewed by Munmi Sharma

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Your smile is your superpower. But have you ever wondered what lies beneath that white fortress? 

Looking tiny and almost invisible until you open your mouth, these teeth have their own world. Here, they perform their own vital functions, even if we are not paying much attention. Our only job? To keep them healthy and clean. Because if we don’t, the regret can go far beyond just pain. That is why it’s really important to understand tooth anatomy, the types of teeth and their function, and how to maintain their overall health. Stay with us to know the complete anatomy of teeth and the secret behind that perfect smile!  

Before going deeper, let’s check the basics first…

What are Teeth, and How Many Teeth Do Adults Have?

Teeth are the white structure visible inside your mouth every time you smile, talk, or eat food. They belong to the category of ectodermal organs, like hair and skin. 

Most adults have 32 permanent teeth, but the number can be more or less, depending on cases like hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth). 

In babies, generally 20 primary teeth grow starting from the age of 4 months and 6 years. Afterwards, these teeth begin falling out, and then permanent teeth start to appear and grow. 

Types of Teeth and Their Functions

All the teeth are divided into 4 categories, and they all have their function and responsibility to perform:

These all make the complete count of 32 teeth together. Let’s dig deeper and understand the human teeth structure.  

The Most Important Part: Human Teeth Structure

Teeth structure is simple to understand, which has three parts: 

• Crown: This part lies perfectly above your gums, which we see daily in the mirror during brushing. It helps in biting and chewing delicious food. It is covered by enamel for outer protection. 
• Root: Embedded in the jawbone and covered by gums, this part works secretly to anchor your tooth to the periodontal ligament.
• Neck: This part works as a connector between the crown and jaw and provides strong support to the teeth. 

Human teeth structure covered with some layers for extra protection. Let’s talk about that:

Layer of Teeth- What are the Teeth Made of?

Do you know that a tooth, which looks small, is made of 4 layers? Yes, you heard it right. Here is further elaboration:

• Enamel: Enamel works as a protective outer layer of the tooth. It is made of calcium phosphate and is the hardest and mineralised substance in the entire human body. 
• Dentin: It is the second layer of protection, a bone-like tissue, comparatively less strong and also less effective against cavities if the enamel gets damaged.  
• Cementum: This layer is responsible for covering the tooth root and ensuring a strong connection of the tooth to the jaw. 
• Pulp: This layer is the innermost layer that contains nerves, blood vessels, and ensures proper nourishment and sensory function of the tooth. 

Teeth Numbers System- At a Glance:

Teeth numbers are basically a numbering system which is used by dentists and healthcare providers for easy identification or labelling teeth. And, the Universal Numbering System is the easiest and popular one. Curious to know how it works? Take a look: 

What are the Symptoms of Damaged Teeth?

Some common symptoms to look out for damaged teeth are:

Pain and sensitivity- Dull or sharp ache in teeth during biting or consuming any hot or cold food or drinks.

• Swelling and Bleeding- Bleeding during brushing of frequently swelling in gums.
• Discolouration - Visible changes like brown, black or any other dark stains. 
• Loose teeth- When the surrounding bone and ligaments are affected
• Difficulty chewing or speaking- Pain during chewing or speaking.
• Visible damage- If you detect any holes or pits, chipped or cracked teeth.
• Facial swelling- Frequent facial swelling and fever.

Risks Related to Teeth Health

Like the other body parts and organs, teeth also suffer from common health problems. These issues can be difficult to detect as most of them have the common symptoms- pain in the teeth and gums. So, here is a quick guide:

Other Health Conditions Connected to Oral Health

It might be a little surprising, but yes, if oral health is not maintained properly, it can lead to major health issues, like:

Endocarditis- The germs from your mouth can reach the inner lining of heart chambers or valves and cause an infection called endocarditis. It is a rare but surely a fatal one. 

Cardiovascular disease- It might be shocking, but oral germs can cause clogged arteries, stroke and other heart diseases. 

Pregnancy and birth complications - Periodontitis is caused by gum disease, which can affect the baby and result in premature birth. 

Pneumonia- Poor oral health can also cause lung infection or pneumonia. 

What are Some Common Dental Treatments?

Here is a list of some of the common dental treatments:

• Fillings-  This treatment is to repair cavities by filling the decayed area.
• Crowns- It is for covering damaged and weakened teeth with caps that help them to restore their shape and function.
• Root Canal- Removing infected pulp from a tooth and filling it.
• Tooth Extraction- If a tooth is beyond repair, then it is removed from its socket in the jawbone. 
• Cosmetic Dentistry- Teeth whitening treatment and veneers to improve the appearance. 
• Dental Implants- Place an artificial tooth surgically in the jawbone.
• Dentures- It is a removable appliance that is used to replace missing teeth and surrounding tissues.
• Orthodontic Treatment- The treatments which are performed to better the alignment of teeth, such as braces and clear aligners. 

How can I Improve My Teeth's Health?

It's important to take care of your oral hygiene to maintain healthy teeth. It involves proper hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing and a healthy lifestyle to keep your smile beautiful. Here are a few tips to maintain the health of your teeth: 

• Brushing: Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, using a soft toothbrush (which should be changed every 3-4 months), and adding a fluoride-based mouthwash into your routine will help you maintain healthy teeth. 
• Flossing: Flossing once a day with a proper technique can do wonders by removing plaque and food particles between the teeth. 
• Diet: Only a few people are aware that our everyday diet also has a hidden relationship with our teeth's health. So, avoid sugary drinks and food, prefer a balanced diet, and add nuts, berries and broccoli in your meals for better teeth health.
• Dental Check-ups: Regular dental check-ups are crucial to detect potential issues at an early stage.
• Lifestyle Choices: Choosing a healthy lifestyle will also help you to improve and maintain your oral health.  

It is Not Enough! 

By strictly following key oral hygiene practices daily, you can keep these essential organs intact at any age. As teeth are the window to your overall health, it is imperative to prioritise your oral health to keep other potential health risks at bay. Having said that, don’t forget to insure your family’s health with a comprehensive health insurance plan that offers round-the-clock protection. Although teeth are tiny in size, they may create serious health problems if not taken seriously. So, stay covered with a plan that protects you overall. 

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Kindly consult your general physician for verified medical advice. The health insurance benefits are subject to policy terms and conditions. Refer to your policy documents for more information.