What is Stomatitis? Its Types, Causes and Treatment!

• Written by Sejal Singhania

  Reviewed by Munmi Sharma

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Not every mouth sore is "just a sore".

Sometimes, it's a red flag, a sign from your body softly whispering before it needs to shout. That tiny white patch or burning feeling might tell you more about your health than you realise. 

That's where Stomatitis steps in. It's a condition that's quite common, often misunderstood, and more closely linked to overall health than you might think. In this blog, we’ll explore the precise stomatitis definition, its types, causes, treatments, prevention, and more while explaining how this condition can subtly indicate deficiencies, infections, or even more serious health issues.

Understand Stomatitis Meaning

Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mouth's mucous membranes, affecting areas such as the inner lips, cheeks, gums, tongue, and throat. It is a form of oral mucositis that can be either sensitive or chronic, mild or severe. This inflammation may cause pain, redness, swelling, and ulcers, often making talking, eating, or smiling painful or difficult. 

Stomatitis can be quite uncomfortable and might cause canker sores or cold sores. The inflammation of different parts of the mouth has specific names: inflammation of the lips is called cheilitis, inflammation of the tongue is known as glossitis, inflammation of the gums is called gingivitis, and inflammation at the back of the mouth is called pharyngitis. Understanding these conditions can help in seeking the proper care and relief. Let's read more about Stomatitis symptoms and causes for a better understanding.

Is Stomatitis a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)?

Stomatitis is not referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD). It's a broad term that refers to inflammation of the mouth or lips and can happen due to many reasons, such as infections, irritations, or nutritional deficiencies. Although some forms of stomatitis, like herpetic stomatitis, are caused by the herpes simplex virus and can be spread through sexual contact.

Types of Stomatitis

Stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth and lips, can show up in different forms, each bringing symptoms that can impact your daily life. Knowing which type you're dealing with is the first step toward getting the proper care and finding lasting relief. Let's explore the different types of stomatitis: 

Aphthous Stomatitis (Canker Sores)

Aphthous Stomatitis, also called canker sores, appears as either a single pale or yellow ulcer with a red outer ring or a cluster of such ulcers inside the mouth. They are commonly found on the cheeks, tongue, or inside the lips. Several factors are considered to play a role in their development, including stress, specific foods, and mouth injuries. 

Herpetic Stomatitis (Cold Sores)

Herpetic Stomatitis, also known as fever blisters and cold sores, is a fluid-filled sore that appears on or around the lips. It is a viral mouth infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically HSV-1. These infections can occur in typical spots, like the gums or the roof of the mouth. Cold sores form a crust with a scab, and you may experience tingling, tenderness, or a burning feeling before the sores become visible. It features painful mouth sores and ulcers, often with fever and swollen gums.

Denture Stomatitis

Denture stomatitis is a common and usually manageable condition that affects the inside of your mouth. It causes swelling and discolouration, often in the areas where your denture contacts your gums. This condition is frequently caused by a yeast (Candida) infection, inadequate denture hygiene, or ill-fitting dentures. Taking good care of your dentures and seeing your dentist regularly can help keep this condition under control and ensure your comfort. 

Mouth Irritation

A mouth ulcer is a sore that can appear anywhere inside your mouth. You might notice one or several of these sores, often red, yellow, or white. They can be caused by biting your cheek or lip, wearing braces, chewing tobacco, or burns from hot food. These sores can be painful and might make eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable, but they're usually temporary and heal independently.

Nicotine Stomatitis

Nicotine stomatitis is a common effect of long-term smoking. It appears as a reaction on the roof of the mouth, caused by the high heat from smoking. You often see this condition in pipe smokers and reverse cigarette smokers. Although nicotine stomatitis itself doesn’t directly lead to cancer, using tobacco regularly can increase your overall risk of developing health issues and cancer.

Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CUS)

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is a rare autoimmune condition that causes painful, non-healing erosive or ulcerative lesions in the mouth. It can be challenging to diagnose because it looks quite similar to other conditions of the oral mucosa under both clinical and histological examination. This condition is relatively uncommon and is seen more frequently in middle-aged Caucasian women.

Gingivostomatitis

Gingivostomatitis is a painful infection that causes blisters on the lips and canker sores inside the mouth. It's most common in young children. Gingivostomatitis usually doesn’t cause serious health issues, especially if treated quickly, but it can be very uncomfortable. Additionally, it spreads easily through physical contact.

Stomatitis Symptoms You Can’t Ignore!

While some cases of stomatitis pass quietly, others become more noticeable, making simple things like eating and smiling uncomfortable. The signs and symptoms can differ depending on the cause and type of stomatitis. Recognising these symptoms can help in healing faster and more effectively. Some of the symptoms of stomatitis may include: 

• Redness and swelling within your mouth
• A small blister or a few show up on or near your lips
• Pain or irritation experienced on the lips, cheeks, gums, tongue, or sides of the mouth
• One or more oral sores inside your mouth, usually white, grey or yellow, with a red border
• White or grey patches appearing on your tongue, the roof of your mouth, or your cheeks
• The burning sensation in your tongue and the roof of your mouth
• Mild to severe pain or discomfort that can hinder eating or talking

Understand Stomatitis Causes for a Healthier Future

Understanding the "WHY" behind stomatitis is the first step toward treating it effectively. Whether it's everyday habits or underlying health concerns, let's explore what might be causing stomatitis:

• Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), also called recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU)
• Deficiency in vitamin B-12, folic acid, iron, or zinc.
• Viral infections, particularly herpes simplex and herpes zoster
• Weakened immune system.
• Other infectious agents (Candida albicans and bacteria).
• Stress
• Tobacco, irritating foods, or chemicals.
• An allergic response to certain bacteria in the mouth.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
• Systemic disorders
• Minor injuries due to dental work, accidental cheek bite, or other injuries.
• Autoimmune diseases that attack cells in the mouth.
• Certain medications

Stomatitis Treatment: Your Best Solutions for this Disease

Treatment for stomatitis varies depending on its cause. The best way to get relief is to address the underlying issue that’s causing it. Some common stomatitis treatments may include:

• Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are easily accessible to help canker sores and cold sores, offering relief when needed most.
• Prescription medications for infections, such as antivirals, antibiotics, and antifungals.
• Vitamins or supplements to ensure you’re receiving the necessary nutrients. (only if required)
• Avoid foods or products that cause your inflammation.
• Good oral hygiene helps keep your mouth free of harmful bacteria and heals.

Bonus Tip: Recurring mouth issues, such as stomatitis, may sometimes be signs of underlying health concerns. Considering a family health insurance, you can ensure quality treatment for yourself or your family in times of a health emergency. Along with many other benefits, the coverage for free annual check-ups in the policy can help maintain health against serious diseases and related illnesses. So, care for your health and enjoy peace of mind before minor symptoms become bigger problems. 

Prevention of Stomatitis

While treatment is beneficial, prevention is the key to lasting relief. Here are ways to safeguard your smile before stomatitis occurs again.

• Maintain excellent oral hygiene (regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups).
• Avoid irritants like tobacco, alcohol, and spicy or acidic foods.
• Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol based mouthwashes. 
• Take vitamin supplements if you are deficient.
• Replaces old dentures and ensures they fit correctly. 
• Strengthening the immune system.

Don’t let the Sore Steal Your Smile!

Stomatitis may seem like a minor irritation, but it can often signify that your body is trying to convey an important message. Whether it's nutritional gaps or underlying health issues, your mouth usually shows the first signs of what's happening inside. You can build a healthier connection with your overall well-being by learning about the different types of stomatitis, understanding what causes it, and taking simple steps to prevent it.

Next time your mouth feels burning, stinging, or swelling, don't overlook it. Pay attention, take action, and protect that beautiful smile that is uniquely yours.

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Kindly consult your general physician for verified medical advice. The health insurance benefits are subject to policy terms and conditions. Refer to your policy documents for more information.