Is Sciatica Surgery the Only Option for Back Pain? Things You Need to Know

• Written by Sejal Singhania

  Reviewed by Munmi Sharma

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Imagine: You are standing in the shopping mall when a severe, electric jolt (a sensation like an electric shock) shoots down your leg or lower back. It's not the first time—it's been happening for weeks. You have tried everything - ice packs, hot packs, stretches and even pain killers, but pain is still coming back, sometimes worse than before. It's like your body is sending you the S.O.S signal, and now you are wondering if I need any surgery? 

If this scenario sounds too similar, then you are not alone. In other words, this pain, which is related to the sciatic nerve or lower back pain, is called Sciatica. Sciatica has affected many people, disturbing their daily lives with severe pain, numbness, and weakness. While some people recover without surgery, some reach the point where surgery is the only consideration. Before taking this step, here is everything you need to know about the Sciatica surgery. 

What is Sciatica?

Sciatica is a condition in which the sciatic nerve is damaged or irritated. The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in your body, running down each leg from the lower back via the hips and buttocks. This pain can lead to an electric shock sensation, numbness, or weakness in the affected areas. In a few cases, Sciatica surgery may be considered the first option.

Symptoms of Sciatica 

Sciatica only affects one leg at a time, and the symptoms spread from the buttocks or lower back down the leg and into the thigh. Sciatica symptoms can include the following: 

• Pain in the buttocks and leg
• Weakness and numbness 
• Difficulty in moving the legs or feet
• Shooting pain down the leg
• Urinary Incontinence or Fecal Incontinence
• Constant pain on one side of the rear

What Causes Sciatica?

Sciatica can be caused by various conditions that damage the sciatic nerve. These conditions can cause sciatica:

• Herniated disks
• Having a Weak Core
• Degenerative disk disease
• Spinal stenosis
• Foraminal stenosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Injuries
• Pregnancy
• Tumours, cysts or other growths
• Conus medullas syndrome
• Cauda equina syndrome

What is Sciatica Surgery?

Sciatica surgery is typically considered when other treatments have been ineffective and the pain significantly impacts daily activities. It's also a go-to solution for significant nerve compression, resulting in muscle weakness or bowel or bladder control. There are many types of sciatica surgery; the type of surgery you need will depend on the condition and how severely the nerve is compressed. Before trying surgery to relieve your pain, doctors often recommend other conservative options like:

• Rest
• Exercise
• Stretches
• Hot & Cold Therapy 
• Painkillers
• Physiotherapy
• Steroid Injections

But the people for whom surgery is the only option need to know all these things about Sciatica surgery. 

Types of Sciatica Surgery

There is no specific sciatica surgery approach that works for everyone. Instead, many procedures are used depending on the underlying cause of nerve compression. Your diagnosis and symptoms will determine which type is most effective for you. Here are the kinds of sciatica surgery:

• Microdiscectomy - This is a minimally invasive surgery that is used to remove a portion of a herniated disc that is compressing the sciatic nerve.
• Foraminotomy - This technique relieves pressure by enlarging the foramen, the opening where the nerve root exits the spinal canal.
• Laminectomy - In this treatment, a portion of the lamina (a bony part of the vertebra) is removed to expand the spinal canal and relieve nerve pressure. 
• Spinal Fusion - This invasive procedure involves removing a disc and joining the surrounding vertebrae to support the spine. It is often used to treat severe degeneration or instability.

5 Things to Know Before Considering Sciatica Surgery

Deciding to have sciatica surgery can be stressful, especially if you are unsure of what to expect. Whether you are learning about sciatica surgery or preparing yourself for sciatica surgery, you should be aware of these aspects to make informed and confident choices. Here are five essential things to know before and after sciatica surgery:

Sciatica Surgery Risks & Side Effects

Like any other surgical procedure, sciatica surgery has potential risks and complications. It's essential to know these before making any decisions. Some of the sciatica surgery risks may include:

• Pain at the surgery site
• Having insufficient core strength
• Nerve damage
• Scar tissue formation
• Heart attack
• Infection
• Spinal fluid leaks
• Blood Clots

How to Treat Sciatica Without Surgery?

Sciatica can be treated with various non-surgical treatments, depending on the underlying cause. Treatment typically includes anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid injections, physical therapy, aquatic therapy, meditation, and nerve blocks. Gentle stretching, ice, and hot packs can also help reduce swelling in the affected area. In some cases, steroid injections containing corticosteroids or anti-inflammatory medications are also recommended for your lower back to help relieve pain and swelling around the nerves.

What are the Sciatica Treatment Surgeries?

Sciatica treatment surgery is recommended when non-surgical treatment fails to relieve pain. It is the best option when sciatica is more severe and affects daily life. In addition, surgery may be considered when leg pain and weakness persist for more than 6 to 8 weeks despite non-surgical treatments.  The most common surgical options may include Microdiscectomy, Laminectomy and Spinal Fusion (as mentioned above in types of Sciatica Surgery). Surgery is performed to eliminate the cause of sciatica and control the leg symptoms, such as pain and weakness. However, back pain associated with sciatica may or may not improve after surgery.

Sciatica Surgery Cost: Does Insurance Cover it?

Sciatica treatment surgery costs vary based on factors like procedures, hospitals and locations. The price of the surgery generally ranged from Rs 1.40 lacs to Rs 3 lacs. Thankfully, health insurance providers in India cover medically necessary spinal surgeries, including sciatica. Care Health Insurance offers the Operation Insurance, which provides comprehensive coverage for various surgical procedures, including spinal surgeries. This insurance plan includes the pre- and post-hospitalisation expenses and daycare treatments, and offers long-term renewability and more. It's better to consult with your insurance provider so that you are aware of the waiting period and other insurance terms and policies. 

Success Rate of Sciatica Surgery 

Surgery can relieve sciatica symptoms and cure it entirely. Studies report that sciatica surgery success rates are based on your chosen treatment. Microdiscectomy, the best surgery for sciatica, has a high success rate, with 70 to 90% of patients experiencing significant relief from leg pain and weakness. The success rate may vary according to the individual's overall health and disease condition. Early diagnosis and post-operation care are essential in achieving the best results. 

>>Read More: What Type of Surgeries Does Health Insurance Cover?

To Wind-up!

Sciatica Surgery can be a life-saving solution for individuals who have struggled with severe lower back pain and leg weakness despite trying other treatments. In most cases, sciatica is manageable and can be handled by making specific changes and leading a more active lifestyle. However, understanding the types of surgery, cost, risks, and recovery expectations can help you make an informed choice. With proper care and follow-up, people can regain strength and quality of life after sciatica surgery.

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Kindly consult your general physician for verified medical advice. The health insurance benefits are subject to vary. Please check the policy terms and conditions. Refer to your policy documents for more information.